One alternative to monolithic certificate authorities is a web oftrust approach to trustissues. Here's my view of the flaws this model as an alternative toCAs, when used in practice.

First, you haven't actually removed the need to pick trust roots; everyuser has to start their web somewhere, and usually they are going tostart from some well-known root or roots. What you have really doneis made trust roots less subject to detailed scrutiny and criticism,and probably made it less obvious

Here is a thesis that I have been mulling over lately:

One of Python 3's fundamental problems is that it is trying very hardto pretend that Unix is fundamentally a Unicode operating system, sothat Python itself can be Unicode-based while still working on Unix. Theproblem with this is that it is demonstrably false, as seen in the os.listdir() problem ; Unix is fundamentally a'bytecode strings' environment, and attempts to pretend otherwise canrun into problems any time that this pretense runs