Suppose, not entirely hypothetically, that you have a general directory hierarchy for your web server's document root, and you allow users to own and maintain subdirectories in it. In order to be friendly to users, you configure this hierarchy like the following:

Options SymLinksIfOwnerMatch
AllowOverride FileInfo AuthConfig Limit Options Indexes

This allows people to use .htaccess files in their subdirectories to do things like disable symlinks or enable automatic directory indexes (which you have turned off here by default in order to avoid unpleasant accidents, but which is inconvenient if people actually have a directory of stuff that they just want to expose).

Congratulations, you have just armed a gun pointed at your foot. Someday you may look at a random person's .htaccess in their subdirectory and discover:

Options +ExecCGI
AddHandler cgi-script .cgi

You see, as the fine documentation will explicitly tell you, the innocent looking ' AllowOverride Options ' does exactly what it says on the can; it allows .htaccess files to turn on any Options directive . Some of these options are harmless, such as ' Options Indexes ', while others of them are probably things that you don't want people turning on on their own without talking to you first.

(People can also turn on the full ' Options +Includes ', which also allows them to run programs through the ' #exec ' element, as covered in mod_include's documentation . For that matter, you may not want to allow them to turn on even the more modest IncludesNOEXEC .)

To deal with this, you need to restrict what Options people can control, something like:

AllowOverride [...] Options=Indexes,[...] [...]

The Options= list is not just the options that people can turn on, it is also the options that you let them turn off, for example if they don't want symlinks to work at all in their subdirectory hierarchy.

(It's kind of a pity that Options is such a grab-bag assortment of things, but that's history for you.)

As an additional note, changing your ' AllowOverride Options ' settings after the fact may be awkward, because any .htaccess file with a now-disallowed Options setting will cause the entire subdirectory hierarchy to become inaccessible. This may bias you toward very conservative initial settings until people appeal, and then perhaps narrow exemptions afterward.

(Our web server is generously configured for historical reasons; it has been there for a long time and defaults were much looser in the past, so people made use of them. We would likely have a rather different setup if we were recreating the content and configuration today from scratch.)