Why China’s DF-31 missiles are still effective deterrents, decades after debut

A DF-31AG missile, the type of intercontinental ballistic missile the PLA Rocket Force test launched in September 2024. Photo: Handout

Following what became a historic countdown, PLA Sergeant Major Zhao Jing tapped the laptop before him, declared “launch sequence initiated”, and exited the cabin of the missile vehicle he had ridden into the dense jungle of Hainan province.

The rare ICBM test also illustrated a credible second-strike nuclear capability for China, sending a strong geopolitical signal to the United States and its allies.
In the launch tied to “the honour of the Rocket Force and the dignity and confidence of the nation”, what Zhao activated was a .
Among the People’s Liberation Army (PLA) Rocket Force’s nuclear missile inventory, the DF-31 series is neither the newest nor the most powerful weapon.